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Nea Ekklesia
The ''Nea Ekklēsia'' (, "New Church") was a church built by Byzantine Emperor Basil I the Macedonian in Constantinople between the years 876–80. It was the first monumental church built in the Byzantine capital after the Hagia Sophia in the 6th century, and marks the beginning of the middle period of Byzantine architecture. It continued in use until the Palaiologan period. Used as a gunpowder magazine by the Ottomans, the building was destroyed in 1490 after being struck by lightning. In English usage, the church is usually referred to as The Nea.
==History==
Emperor Basil I was the founder of the Macedonian dynasty, the most successful in Byzantine history. Basil regarded himself as a restorer of the empire, a new Justinian, and initiated a great building program in Constantinople in emulation his great predecessor. The ''Nea'' was to be Basil’s Hagia Sophia, with its very name, "New Church", implying the beginning of a new era.〔Stankovic (2008)〕
The church was built under the personal supervision of Basil,〔Mango (1986), p. 194〕〔Magdalino (1987), p. 51〕 in the southeastern corner of the Great Palace complex,〔Mango (1991), p. 1446〕 near the location of the earlier ''tzykanistērion'' (polo field). Basil built another church nearby, the "Theotokos of the Pharos". The ''Nea'' was consecrated on 1 May 880 by Patriarch Photius, and dedicated to Jesus Christ, the archangel Michael (in later sources, Gabriel), the Prophet Elijah (one of Basil’s favorite saints), the Virgin Mary and St Nicholas.〔Mango (1986), p. 194〕〔Ousterhout (2007), p. 34〕
It is indicative of Basil's intentions for this church that he endowed it with its own administration and estates, on the model of the Hagia Sophia. During his and his immediate successors’ reign, the ''Nea'' played an important role in palace ceremonies,〔Magdalino (1987), pp. 61–3〕 and at least until the reign of Constantine VII, the anniversary of its consecration was a major dynastic feast.〔Magdalino (1987), p. 55〕 At some point in the late 11th century it was turned into a monastery, and was known as the "New Monastery" (Νέα Μονή).〔 Emperor Isaac II Angelos stripped it of much of its decoration, its furniture and liturgical vessels,〔Mango (1986), p. 237〕 and used them to restore the church of St Michael at Anaplous.〔Ousterhout (2007), p. 140〕 The building continued to be used by the Latins and survived the Palaiologan period until after the Ottoman conquest of the city. The Ottomans however used it for gunpowder storage. Thus in 1490, when the building was struck by a lightning, it was destroyed and subsequently torn down.〔 As a result, the only information we have about the church comes from literary evidence, especially the mid-10th century ''Vita Basilii'', as well a few crude depictions in maps.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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